About This Station
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About This City
Subotica is a city and municipality in northern Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is located at 46.07° North, 19.68° East, about 10 km from the border with Hungary. Once the second largest city in Serbia (1919), contemporary Subotica is the second largest city of the Vojvodina region following Novi Sad. Among the most multiethnic cities in Serbia with a relative Hungarian majority, the city's population numbers 99,981 (according to the 2002 census). Likewise, today it is Serbia's fifth largest city, with the municipality of Subotica numbering 148,401 people. It is the administrative centre of the North Backa District.
Subotica lies where sand and fertile land meet. It lies between two big rivers: the Danube and the Tisa and on the administrative border of two countries. All that has influenced the history of the city a lot.
Subotica became a settlement of greater significance after the Tatar conquests at the beginning of the 13th century. Then, those who had survived, from the nearby villages, were brought together at the strategically chosen place. The elevation surrounded by water (on which the Franciscan church stands today) was the ideal place for the people of the plain to defend themselves against the conquerors.
For a long time, at the border of the two clashed powers (Hungarian and Turkish) - the settlement did not grow. Subotica began to develop as a town only after it had lost its military significance.
In 1779 Subotica got the status of the Free Royal city that brought bigger autonomy and privileges to the town and also attracted entrepreneurs: peasants, craftsmen and traders from the Middle Europe.
In the second half of the 19th century, after the railways came to the town (1869), the trade of agricultural and cattle products abruptly developed and the industrialization came into the town at the end of the 19th century. Subotica had High school in 1747, the theatre in 1850 and the School of music in 1868. At the turn of the centuries the streets of Subotica were lit by electric power (1896) and in 1897 the tram went through the town.
The oldest football club in the country was founded in Subotica in 1902 and the first Olympic medal was won by Djuro Stantic a citizen of Subotica in Athens in 1906. In 1910 Alexandar Lifka opened the first modern cinema and Ivan Saric constructed and piloted the airplane from the town hippodrome.
Subotica became a modern Middle European city. Roads, public buildings, sacral buildings, private palaces and palaces for rent were built then. Hungarian version of secession was dominant in the architecture of that period. Three most representative buildings of the style are: the synagogue (1903), the Raichle Palace (1904) and the Town Hall (1912).
After the WW I provinces Backa, Baranja and Banat were united with the Kingdom of Serbs, Crats and Slovenians and in 1929 they affiliated to the new state, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, what was the beginning of a new period in the history of the town.
Subotica was, for the first time, mentioned in written documents in 1391 as Zabatka. Since than it has changed more than 200 names. The most characteristic names were: Szent-Maria, Maria Theresiopolis, Maria Theresienstadt, Szabadka and Subotica.
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